EXPLORING THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF NEW-ONSET AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE FOLLOWING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

The correlation between viral infections and the onset of autoimmune conditions has long attracted the scientific community. With the COVID-19 pandemic impacting the world like never before, we have a unique chance to better understand this complex disease and uncover its origin. In light of this, we performed a systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases following the COVID-19 pandemic. We undertook an extensive literature review from 2012 to 2023, by using electronic databases such as Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and supplementary sources like scholarly articles. Our review encompassed various types of studies, including trials, commentaries, and editorials. To evaluate bias, we adopted a recommended approach, employing a two-part tool to scrutinize five distinct domains: selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, selective reporting, and other biases. In this review, a total of 14 studies were incorporated. On the basis of the findings of the present investigation, the average age of included patients was approximately 56.13 years, and the maximum were male. After the, meticulous examination we stated that there was a significant increase in inflammatory biomarkers, including ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and Interleukins IL-6. The majority of patients had an elevated level of CRP. We conclude that there is a strong association between COVID-19 and a higher risk of various types of autoimmune diseases. In order to develop effective plans for the current pandemic as well as the post-pandemic period that follows, healthcare providers must recognize these autoimmune manifestations.

SIGNIFICANCE OF NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF DISEASE SEVERITY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS.

Managing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is challenging because of its diverse symptoms, relapses, and issues related to immunosuppressive therapy. Hence, the management of autoimmune disorder has become a hot topic in this era. Thus, the study aims to predict disease severity in SLE cases by assessing the value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. In this study, we included a total of 80 patients, of which 40 were controls and 40 were experimental group. We gathered the demographic data and each patient provided informed consent. Furthermore, the clinical examinations were done, and results were noted. The study compared 40 SLE patients with 40 controls. SLE patients had lower complement levels, higher rates of LN and encephalopathy, and elevated Hs-CRP and ESR. They also showed lower WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, along with higher NLR and PLR. Higher SLEDAI scores correlated with elevated Hs-CRP and ESR, and lower C3. Neutrophils positively correlated with NLR, while lymphocytes negatively correlated with SLEDAI scores, NLR, and PLR. Platelets did not significantly correlate with these markers. SLE patients showed higher rates of LNand encephalopathy, elevated inflammatory markers, and altered blood cell counts. Lower SLEDAI scores correlated with less inflammation and higher C3 levels, potentially indicating disease severity. Neutrophils were closely linked to disease activity, while lymphocytes showed a strong negative correlation. Platelet count was not a significant marker. Understanding these aspects could improve diagnosis and management.